[Prevalence of celiac disease in risk group patients in Nizhny Novgorod region].

AIM: To estimate prevalence of gluten celiac disease (GCD) in Nizhny Novgorod region by the data of examination of patients from high risk group. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Outpatient examination was made in 41245 outpatients. GCD risk groups included patients with chronic diarrhea and other manifestations of enteropathy, iron deficiency anemia of unclear genesis, with autoimmune disorders, skin diseases associated with GD, women with reproductive dysfunction of unclear genesis, persons with low body mass, close relatives of GCD patients. All the patients were examined conventionally. Antiglutenic antibodies (AGA) and/or antibodies to tissue transglutaminase (AB TTG) in IgA and IgG were determined and morphological tests of duodenal mucosa were made in patients at high risk of GC. RESULTS: Out of 41245 examinees 2364 (5.7%) were expected to have CD. Immunological tests were performed in 1045 risk group patients. Of them, 251 patients had elevated titers of AGA and/or AB TTG. Histological examination discovered GCD signs in 210 patients with positive AGA and/or AB TTG and in 101 patients who were not examined immunologically. GCD was detected in 311 (13.1%) patients included in risk groups. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of CD in adults with risk factors is 1:7.6, in outpatients--1:133. For active GCD screening in risk groups blood tests for AGA and AB TTG should be made. Those with a high titer of these antibodies and patients with chronic diarrhea and malabsorption should undergo biopsy material taken from the duodenum in esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

[Absorption of fatty acids by the rat heart in arrhythmia].

Fifty-three white rat males were divided into 4 groups: intact, with arrhythmia, with arrhythmia treated with cordaron, with arrhythmia treated with cardiotron. The rats' diet was enriched with animal fats. Anesthesia was made with uretan (1,0-1,2 g/kg, i.p.). Arrhythmia was induced with akonitine (30-40 mg/kg, i.v.). The drugs were administered 12 and 25 days before arrhythmia induction which was registered on ECG at min 3, 5, 15 and 25 in 1, 11 and 111 standard leads. Total lipid fatty acids (TLFA) of plasma were detected in heart inflowing and outflowing blood with gas chromatography. Arrhythmia drastically changes qualitative characteristics of arterio-venous difference for fatty acids. Cordaron and cardiotron prevented arrhythmia in 63-75% cases. TLFA arterio-venous difference recovered by 55-69%. Cordaron and cardiotron may have a mediating mechanism of action on fatty acid absorption by the heart in normalization of normal heart rate in experimental arrhythmia.

[Efficacy of the new collection of herbs at stressful experimental sharp ulcer defects of the gastroduodenal zone].

As a result of experiments on white male rats after an immobilization stress that resulted in the formation of sharp ulcer defects in the gastroduodenal zone, it was established that the daily 5-day peroral administration of the collection of herbs (Korniozil) in the volume of 4-6 ml in equal dozes 3 times a day as 9-12% of a water-alcohol solution had a positive influence on the regeneration of the mucous coat of the stomach. The metabolism and structure of lipids in the mucous coat of the stomach as well as balance between activity of processes of peroxide lipid oxidations and functioning of antioxidant systems was simultaneously restored.

[Comparative characteristics of lipid components of gallbladder and liver bile fractions in children with chronic cholecystitis]. / Sravitel'naia kharakteristika lipidnykh komponentov puzyrnoi i pechenochnoi fraktsii zhelchi u detei s khronicheskim kholetsistitom.

In the course of this research we studied indices of lipid components--neutral lipids, phospholipids of biliary and fatty acids--and made their comparative assessment in the cystic and hepatic bile fractions in 25 children with chronic cholecystitis (CC). Chronic cholecystitis is characterized by dislipoproteinemia in the cystic and hepatic bile fractions, which is displayed as a reduction of the level of tauroacids and augmentation of glycocholic acid at a simultaneous increase in levels of primary and secondary biliary acids, as an increase in the ratio of levels of free fatty acids and cholesterol esters (CE) against the background of the decreasing number of monoglycerides and CE; as an increase in the ratio of levels of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPTC) and phosphatidylcholine against the background of augmentation of lysoPTC and phosphatidylethanolamine; as augmentation of polyene fatty acids in the composition of general lipid bile fractions. It is assumed that the obtained results can be used as indices of efficacy of drugs and non-medicinal preparations prescribed with the purpose of correction of lipid metabolic imbalances in case of chronic cholecystitis in children.

[Lipid metabolism in cholecystitis]. / Metabolizm lipidov pri kholetsistite.

The survey of sources presented discusses the results of the research on lipid metabolism in cases of such a common disease as acute and chronic cholecystitis. The application of modern analytical methods for studying individual lipids of different classes enabled to acquire a better comprehension of metabolism of these major cell membrane components and the main gall-bladder compounds--biliary acids. The role of biliary alcohols in the inflammation process development is studied alongside with that of the known lipid fractions.

[Basis for the use of a new galena-based substance from plants for prevention and treatment of cholelithic disease]. / Obosnovanie primeneniia novoi galenovoi fitokompozitsii dlia profilaktiki i lecheniia zhelchnokamennoi bolezni.

With the purpose of prevention and treatment of cholelithic disease, a new galena-based phytocomposition having the choleritic, cholekinetic, spasmolytic and hypocholesterolemic effects at the same time was administered to patients along with lithotripsy. Clinical manifestations of cholecystitis disappeared after a daily intake of the phytocomposition during 30 days in 96 patients out of 418 people having the diagnosis of cholelithic disease and high initial concentrations of?-lipoproteins and cholesterol in the blood serum. The level of lipids dropped reliably, and it became much easier to use the lithotripsy method. Due to the decrease of bile viscosity, it was possible to note easier elimination of fragments from the gallbladder. During the monotherapy with the galena-based phytocomposition, full litholisis of single (up to 30 mm) or multiple (up to 50% of the gallbladder volume) calculi was determined in seven patients out of 47 (17%) during the period from two to six months.

[Comparative characteristics of biliary lipids in celiac disease and chronic enteritis]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika lipidov zhelchi pri tseliakii i khronicheskom énterite.

The lipid components of duodenal contents (DC) and of gallbladder bile (GB), i.e. bile acids, phospholipids, and neutral lipids, as well as the fatty-acid composition of common lipids in celiac disease and chronic enteritis (CEN) were found, in the course of this study, to be specific and to differ between themselves to a great extent. The determination of the ratio of indices for 16:0 and 18:1 fatty acids and level 20:4 of an acid in the composition of common lipids of DC and GB could be used as a criteria in the differential diagnosis of celiac disease and CEN.

[Lipid metabolism in diseases associated with malabsorption syndrome]. / Metabolizm lipidov pri zabolevaniiakh, sviazannykh s sindromom mal'absorbtsii.

The review is devoted to lipid metabolism in diseases related to their malabsorption, such as a celiacia, chronic enteritis, calculous cholecystitis and others. The problems on involvement of lipid fractions in development of malabsorption processes are discussed.

[Correction of lipid metabolism in rabbits with experimental cholelithiasis]. / Vozmozhnosti korrektsii lipidnogo metabolizma u krolikov s éksperimental'nym kholelitiazom.

The effect of 16-20% medicinal preparation "Equalen" on some parameters of lipid metabolism in female rabbits with cholelithiasis induced by 40% clamp of common bile duct was investigated. The total course of Equalen administration for 90-120 days included daily oral administration of Equalen for 7 days followed by 3-4 day interval. The optimal dose was 1.5 ml per day (the effective range of doses varied from 1.2 to 2.0 ml). Such treatment resulted in disappearance of large and medium sized cholesterol formations from gallbladder, normalization of lipid metabolism in organs of hepatoenteric system and lipid composition of bile.

[Effect of a carnitine analog on the level of bile lipids of the enterohepatic system in rabbits in cholelithiasis]. / Vliianie analoga karnitina na urovni zhelchnykh lipidov énterogepaticheskoi sistemy u krolikov pri kholelitiaze.

Lipid components were studied in enterohepatic system of rabbits with cholelithiasis after administration of plant components contained in meadow hay as well as of their mixture with a synthetic analogue of carnitine. Hypothetic mechanism of the carnitine derivative effect, contributing to elevation of phosphatidyl choline production in hepatocytes and to accumulation of the phospholipid in bile, is discussed. During the treatment course the calculous form of hepatocholecystitis was not detected in the experimental animals.

[Role of estrogens in the regulation of composition of bile acids of the enterohepatic system in rats and monkeys with extrahepatic cholestasis]. / Uchastie éstrogenov v reguliatsii sostava zhelchnykh kislot énterogepaticheskoi sistemy krolikov i obez'ian s vnepechenochnym kholestazom.

Analysis of the thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography data on the free and conjugated bile acid contents in the blood leaving intestine, hepatocytes and bile of ovariectomized rabbits and monkeys with acalculous cholecystitis revealed a heterogeneity of bile acid distribution in these biological media and an uniformity of specific alterations manifested in increased glyco-conjugation, decreased free bile acids in hepatocytes and blood, decreased cholesterol level and reduced lithogenic index of the bile. Results obtained are indicative of involvement of the gonadal steroids and estradiol dipropionate in regulation of bile acid conjugation in liver and, therefore, in development of one of the early factors of the gallstone formation.

[Effect of estrogens on the free fatty acid content and fatty acid-binding protein fractions in rabbit intestinal mucosa]. / Vliianie éstrogenov na soderzhanie svobodnykh zhirnykh kislot i fraktsii sviazyvaiiushchikh ikh belkov i slizistoi tonkoi kishki krolikov.

A study was made of the effect of ovariectomy and administration of estradiol-dipropionate on the level of estrogen receptors, low molecular protein fractions, incorporating fatty acid binding proteins (FABP), and free fatty acids (FFA) in the protein fractions of the cytosol of the intestinal mucosa of mature and immature female rabbits. The female rabbit upper intestinal mucosa was shown to possess cytoplasmic estrogen receptors and to have low metabolic activity of estradiol dehydrogenase (not being target tissue). Ovariectomy caused a decrease in the level of estrogen receptors, protein fractions, incorporating FABP, and FFA in them in enterocyte mucosa cytosol as compared to respective parameters in female rabbits in the pubertal and mature periods of their development. Estrogens were involved in the regulation of the level of intestinal fatty acid binding protein fractions and in ensuring physiological concentrations of absorbed fatty acids.

[Effects of ovariectomy on the composition of fatty acids of phospholipids in Java macaques with cholestasis]. / Vliianie ovariéktomii na sostav zhirnykh kislot fosfolipidov u makak iavanskikh pri kholestaze.

Bilateral ovariectomy carried out in Java macaques with simultaneous dosed ligation of common bile duct distally to duodenum in order to induce acalculous hepato-cholecystitis, does not alter the lithogenic index of the bile. Phospholipids present in enterohepatic organs and tissues (hepatocytes, enterocytes, chyme, blood and bile) of gonadectomized animals with hepato-cholecystitis acquire a specific fatty acid pattern which is characterized by prevailing palmitic, stearic and oleic acids, unaffected level of arachidonic acid and traces of essential linoleic acid.

[The effect of alimentary hypercholesterolemia on the level of lipids and essential fatty acids in rabbit enterohepatic circulation]. / Vliianie alimentarnoi giperkholesterinemii na urovni lipidov i éssentsial'nykh zhirnykh kislot v énterogepaticheskoi tsirkuliatsiu krolikov.

Patterns of lipid metabolism were estimated in biological fluids and tissues involved in enterohepatic circulation of bile lipid complexes in female rabbits with alimentary hypercholesterolemia. Cholesterol gallstones were not found in gallbladder of rabbits with alimentary hypercholesterolemia. A number of reasons was responsible for the phenomenon, including specific ratio of four lipid components, which contributed to maintaining bile cholesterol in soluble form: concentration of bile acids was unaltered simultaneously with high contents of cholesterol and a decrease in phospholipids level, while content of free fatty acids was increased and the content of arachidonic acid was elevated in majority of lipid fractions.

[The effect of a diet enriched with food fibers and polyunsaturated fatty acids on the composition of the lipid components in the enterohepatic circulation system in rabbits with cholestasis]. / Vliianie ratsiona, obogashchennogo pishchevymi voloknami i polinenasyshchennymi zhirnymi kislotami, na sostav lipidnykh komponentov v sisteme pechenochno-kishechnoi tsirkuliatsii u krolikov pri kholestaze.

In experiments on rabbits that had undergone partial constriction of the choledochus, the development of calculous hepatocholecystitis was observed in a half of the operated on animals. No biliary calculi were detected in the animals that received the ration enriched with food vegetable fibres, beta-sitosterol and linoleic polyunsaturated fatty acids after similar operations.